U.S. funding for global healthactivities has grown significantly over the past decade. Much of the growth inU.S. global health spending has been motivated by infectious disease outbreaks,including human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS),severe acute respiratory syndrome, H5N1 avian influenza, and extremelydrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Estimates of U.S. global health assistance vary, due in part to fragmentedfunding streams and a lack of consensus on what should be considered U.S.global health assistance. Congress provides funds for U.S. global healthassistance through a number of appropriations vehicles: Foreign Operations;Labor, Education, and Health; and Defense. The greatest proportion of thesefunds is provided for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, whichsupports global HIV/AIDS programs implemented by a number of agencies anddepartments, including the U.S. Agency for International Development, theDepartment of Health and Human Services and its implementing agencies, theDepartment of Commerce, the Department of Defense, the Department of Labor, andthe Peace Corps. Congress also provides funds to the Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention (CDC) for global health activities.In addition to funds Congressprovides directly to U.S. agencies and departments for global health efforts,U.S. agencies and departments also use portions of their budgets for globalhealth programs. For example, CDC regularly allots a part of its tuberculosisbudget for international interventions, though Congress does not specify thatthe funds should be used for those purposes. Agencies and departments mightalso transfer funds among each other.
In addition to these funding sources, U.S. agencies implement programs thatsimultaneously address development and health challenges, such as those relatedto improving access to clean water, addressing the negative consequences ofclimate change and rapid urbanization, supporting the vulnerable in conflict orpost-conflict environments, and responding to natural emergencies. A number ofadvocacy groups consider some of these activities as part of health assistance.This report defines global health assistance as those activities that Congressfunds specifically to address global health challenges, unless otherwiseindicated (such as global TB activities implemented by CDC).
Date of Report: October 10, 2012
Number of Pages: 219
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